Species and Varieties

• Arabica coffee has a world market share of about 60% of the coffee produced. This type of bean that contains only half the caffeine compared to the Robusta bean, has become popular and famous mainly for their aroma.
• Robusta has about 36% share of world production. Visually, this bean differs by a straight incision in the bean from Arabica with wavy incision. The farmers of this variety is especially appreciated for its durability and its shorter maturation time (compared to the Arabica).
• Excelsa beans is considered rare and was built in 1904 on Lake Chad found. It has all of the strongest varieties of bean growth. It stands out above all the ability to drier soil to thrive and to achieve a satisfactory yield in low rainfall years. Nevertheless, it has only one percent share of world production.
• Stenophylla : The particularly small-leaved plant from West Africa ( Guinea and Sierra Leone ) can be planted in up to 700 meters above sea level. In Sierra Leone, the famous "Highland Coffee" is made ​​with this variety. The beans are large and round, the fruits are black when mature.
• Liberica : Inferior and economically insignificant kind, considered to be profitable and highly resistant to parasites.
• Maragogype : A mutation of the Arabica bean or other theory, a cross between Arabica and Libericabohne. The beans are one third larger than the usual coffee beans. The variety is grown mainly in Mexico and Nicaragua. The species grows best at altitudes from 400 to 1,200 meters. Despite its size, the crop yield is usually lower than other types of coffee.
• In Vietnam as cà Phe Sua Da offered a coffee blend that also the types in addition to the known species Robusta and Arabica Catimor and Chari contains. This is a very dark coffee with a nutty-chocolaty taste. These coffee blends containing these varieties in different mixing ratios and also contain rare or Liberica Excelsa beans. Due to the local notion of the coffee taste these blends the largest share of the coffee demand cover there. Mixtures containing the mentioned on the world market rather unknown coffee species are only available as an import products in Asian stores outside the country of Vietnam. Chari coffee is offered as a natural decaffeinated coffee due to its very low caffeine content, which is not decaffeinated be needs.
• As the rarest and most expensive coffee places in the world is the Indonesian Kopi Luwak . It occurs when the civet luwak eats coffee cherries and beans retires, their taste properties have been changed by fermentation in the intestines of animals. Here they, among other bitter substances are removed.

Unblended coffee

A single international classification coffee, unfortunately, and perhaps fortunately, no. Attempts to build a coherent classification of varieties kofeproizvodyaschimi taken by many countries: by region, manufacturers, on the size and hardness of the grain, the height growth of coffee trees.Typically, consumers have become accustomed to determine the right kind of coffee-producing countries (Colombian Coffee - Columbian coffee), regions, states or provinces (Brazil Arabica - Brazilian Arabica). Sometimes it is named after the mountain or valley, where the coffee was produced (Tanzanian Kilimanjaro-Tanzanian Kilimanjaro) or after the town (Columbia Armenia-Columbian Armenia) and even a port (Brazilian Santos - Brazilian Santos).

Recently come across the names of varieties, bearing the name of the chateau (translated from French means "estate", "lock").

Classification by grain size less bulky. Large denoted by the letter A (India), medium - A two (Kenya, Tanzania), small - three A (Peru).

In Latin America, the most common classification of grain hardness. The higher the coffee plantation, the harder the coffee beans. Meanwhile, it means they are better and of higher quality.

Each unmixed grade - its original and unique taste. There are about ten and they underlie different coffee blends. The main conditions that determine the quality of the coffee - the scent, color saturation (the "weight" in the language of coffee), acidity (brightness, sharpness drink) and taste (does not need to be clarified). However, in England, was published dictionary, which contains definitions of 1200, evaluating the taste of coffee.

Robusta

At the present time - Robusta - the only significant competitor to the cultivated species of Arabica coffee. Robusta is now about 30% of world coffee production. This type of coffee is grown at low altitude, robusta trees above in size than the Arabica trees.

Robusta can make tight, but tasteless and low-quality beverage with higher levels of caffeine than Arabica. This type of coffee is used as the main component for the production of instant coffee, as well as for economy commercial mixtures. Robusta is not used in the coffee market specialty, other than in exceptional cases, adding it to increase body drink in some mixture of Italian style.

Historically, this type of coffee has begun to develop and actively cultivated during the development of the competitive wars in America and Europe in the 40-50's, when producers by reducing the cost of the product were trying to increase their market share. In this over-active use of robusta in some countries has led to a decrease in the level of coffee consumption as a product, and the general decline in the market. See also arabica coffee.

Several unusual varieties of coffee

Coffee threes
All the variety of coffee varieties is reduced to almost two varieties - arabica and robusta. This division is not by chance - by types of coffee trees. Arabian coffee tree (Coffea arabica) gives a more expensive coffee, which has a bright and deep flavor.

Kanefora Robusta coffee trees (Coffea Canephora) is characterized by a high content of caffeine in the beans. It is a cheaper coffee. Robusta beans are usually diluted to reduce the cost of arabica coffee finished product.
Strictly speaking, there is Liberica. Fruit quality Liberica low. They are used only for the creation of various mixtures.

Ivory Kofeglot 
One of the world's most expensive coffee Kopi Luwak costs $ 160 a pound. To be exported from Indonesia. Coffee beans receive the most natural treatment of the possible - in the stomach of wild civet cat tree (also known as civet cat), living in the tropical jungles of the islands of Java and Sumatra. Animals regale coffee fruit, selecting the best, most ripe and fragrant ones. Strange but true, the body of the grain output in virtually undigested form. But as a result of processing in the stomach and the digestive enzymes of the bacteria significantly improved taste. Local people are scouring the jungle and collect unusual feces. For a year they are collected only 10-50 kg. Hence the high price of the product. Connoisseurs of the drink claim that the "cat" coffee taste of burnt sugar. University of Guelph in Canada, studied composition grains Kopi Luwak. Experts have found that they have less protein, also below the bacterial background.

Fans will appreciate the most exclusive and coffee Hacienda La Esmeralda (Panama). Price - $ 104 per pound. Coffee trees of this variety are enticing name of "geisha". To the Japanese priestesses of love sort of irrelevant. Area of ​​Ethiopia, where coffee trees grow, "geisha" is called Gesha. The letter "J" added insightful plantation owners in order to attract interest in the product.

Royal Class
But the real geisha prefer a sweet aroma and pure taste of coffee ... French King Louis XV, and the writer Honore de Balzac. In the country of the Rising Sun has recently reproduced the unique variety of coffee, lost in the first half of the last century. Coffee company UCC Ueshima Coffee has recreated the famous "Bourbon pointe" and now sells it at the price of 7350 yen (about $ 60) per 100 grams.

Originally favorite kind of French nobility variety was bred in the heyday of the Bourbon dynasty in France at the end of the XVII century. Coffee beans were brought from Yemen to the island of Reunion, where they happened rare double mutation. The great novelist Honore de Balzac said of the action of alcoholic drink: "all flash, thoughts crowded as the great army battalions on the battlefield."

During World War II, a unique sort of faded. The Japanese company has revived the "royal" coffee, but not in a hurry to establish its mass production. Elite Class is available to only the most secured gourmets.
Is cheap and sort of Island of St.Helena Coffee (island of Saint Helena, Africa) - $ 79za pound. You know, and here without French gourmets has not done. Or rather a gourmet, but very regal. Napoleon was exiled adored local coffee. This fact was made public in a hundred years after the death of the emperor and strongly influenced the price of a drink. Preserved statements regarding Bonaparte invigorating drink: "Strong coffee revives me. It brings me a warm, amazing energy, and the pain, which made fun. I like to suffer more than not suffer. "

Drink 007
The British royal family and the popular movie character James Bond, too, have their own preferences, they give up their coffee Jamaican Blue Mountain (Jamaica) - $ 49 per pound. "Blue Mountain" is named after the mountain range, where it grows. Plantations on which it is grown, are located on the slopes at the top of an extinct volcano at 1,500 m above sea level. In addition, this coffee full of flavor rum casks in which it was transported.

Similar to the method of cultivation and Colombian coffee "Pico". It is grown on volcanic soil in the valley Dupar, and export from the legendary walled city of Cartagena, standing on the shore of the Pacific Ocean. Distinguish the subtle flavor of the drink notes of pine needles.

Science is advancing, and American enthusiasts invented another type of coffee ... sound. The inventors claim that the brain can be stimulated by the sounds of various types. They suggest using an invigorating, stimulating audio recording, which was referred to as Coffee Replacement («Coffee substitute").

Species and varieties of coffee

For the first time people paid attention to the coffee culture in Africa, and its cultivation was born, naturally there. Then, coffee spread to the first favorable to its growing Asian countries, and later the Americas, taking the place of the main agricultural crops in many states.

This story has led to the emergence of the spread of hundreds of coffees from around the world. All types and coffees have distinctive features depending on climate and in which the soil from which coffee grows. Different varieties of naturally different taste, flavor, caffeine content, extract content. For some elite varieties is important not only in what country it is grown, but also on what specific plantation.

Currently cultivated for industrial purposes are basically three kinds of coffee: Arabica (90% of plants), Robusta and Liberica.

Arabica grows around the world, in the tropics of Africa, Asia and America. Robusta discovered only in the 20th century and began to cultivate for industrial purposes, when it was discovered that some consumers prefer coffee soft and delicate taste of Arabica more pungent, bitter, and you may say, earthy taste of Robusta (from the Latin robustus - "strong", "reliable "," solid "). These trees are planted mainly in Madagascar and Guinea.